December 2021
Volume 10 | Issue 4

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Table of Contents - Year 2021 | Month: December | Volume 10 | Issue 4

Contents Vol. 10, No. 4, December 2021
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Editorial 10.46852/2249-6637.04.2021.1
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Social, Economic and Ecological Factors Influencing Cassava Farming in Nigerian Rural Context 10.46852/2249-6637.04.2021.2 0000-0002-4987-6201
  • Abstract
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    • This study examined socio-economic and ecological factors influencing cassava farming, various products and benefits of cassava farming, challenges facing cassava farming, and governmental interventions geared toward promoting cassava farming in Nigerian rural context. Descriptive explanatory research design was adopted to collect primary data from cassava farmers in Kuje Area Council, Abuja. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select study sample, using semi-structured questionnaire and indepth interview guide as research instruments. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The results demonstrated that various socio-economic and ecological factors influenced cassava farming in the study location. Also, findings showed that there were several final products and bi-products of cassava that served various socio-economic benefits. Lastly, the findings revealed that majority of the cassava farmers had not received any government intervention. Among the minority who had received government interventions, it was gathered that financial support, amenities and equipment, as well as seeds and new species were the major assistance rendered by the government. The study concluded that there were various socio-economic factors influencing cassava farming in the study location and recommended that soft loans, access to land, basic amenities and farm implements, small scale investment in cassava farming and favourable policies should be considered for cassava farmers especially in Nigerian rural areas.
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388
Economic Crisis and Labor Consumption: Calibrating Wage for Informalized Labor Households 10.46852/2249-6637.04.2021.3 0000-0002-8875-1559
  • Abstract
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    • Economic shocks impelled by a growth retarding phenomenon hinders the overall functioning of an economy and influences the constituent unit of society, i.e., humans, with severity of its effect stretched to that extent of society which remains vulnerable to such shocks. The informal community of labor, participating in economic activity without the cover of social security often becomes a recipient of the economic and policy variations leading to unrest on their way to development. The present study explores the constraints of labor consumption as experienced by the informal labor in India due to restrictive lockdown imposed to contain the spread of covid-19 with the purpose to ascertain its determinant by explicating consumption function in the analysis and empirically using multiple regression on macro variables that influences consumption. It was observed that during lockdown
    the labor’s consumption was dependent on the wealth accumulated in the past, whereas the regression estimation suggested that the consumption expenditure was influenced significantly by their earnings and mildly by the level of inflation in the country. In pursuit of assessing labor’s desired earnings and their consequential migration, a theoretical condition is quantitatively explored. The study suggests that the government should assist the informal labor in upgrading their employable skills to help them secure a job with desired earnings in a quest to sustain present as well as future consumption needs and recommends that efforts should be made to endorse national policy empowering the labor towards wealth accumulation and social security
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328
Model Village Development in Indian Himalayan Region: An Overview of Initiatives and Activities 10.46852/2249-6637.04.2021.4 0000-0002-9953-9131
  • Abstract
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    • The rural landscape in India is in need for radical transformation right up to the remote Indian Himalayan region which is already engulfed with many environmental and economic problems. Bringing out the transformation is even more challenging because the Indian Himalayan region is vulnerable to natural disasters like cloud bursts, flash floods, earthquakes and climate change driven by anthropogenic activities. The article explores the concept of eco- smart model villages as initiated by our societal change leaders and how till date they are being practiced and propagated as they serve as milestones for welfare of states and for transforming rural development in India. The most successful eco-smart model villages are described along with their attributes for success. The examples of famous eco- smart model villages show that local change leaders, community participation and financial support in the form of government schemes can revitalise rural development. Thus eco- smart model villages hold the potential to bring about transformation in rural development in India and Indian Himalayan region in particular.
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352
COVID-19 Pandemic and E-learning: Perceptions of Under Graduate Veterinary Students of Assam 10.46852/2249-6637.04.2021.5 0000-0003-2521-0963
  • Abstract
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    • COVID-19 pandemic has affected every sphere of day-to-day life and its impact on education has been severe due to cancellation of regular classes during the lockdown enforced for restricting the spread of the virus. E-learning has come up to be the solution for continuing the education during the pandemic. Although e-learning has fantastic features it has certain limitations such as unavailability of uninterrupted internet access in the rural areas and requirement of smart phones or computer. Therefore, an online survey was conducted to understand the perceptions of under-graduate students regarding e-learning during the pandemic and to gain valuable opinions of the students to further enhance the online teaching learning process. By using a questionnaire (with a set of 26 numbers of questions) in the platform of Google form, 282 numbers of responses from under graduate students of College of Veterinary Science, Guwahati and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science of Assam Agricultural University were obtained. The findings of this study offer useful opinions and suggestions of under-graduate students regarding the E-learning process which will facilitate better and efficient usage of the E-learning system during the COVID-19 like pandemic.
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425
Inner Cry of Nuns – A Projective Analysis 10.46852/2249-6637.04.2021.6 0000-0001-9779-0755
  • Abstract
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    • The whole new era of psychology in psychological testing is attempted to investigate various psychological components of religious life. People doing social service and religious activities are known for their sacrifices and support to humanity throughout the world. Nuns and brothers have made their presence felt everywhere. The ultimate goal of nuns and brothers to serve and promote humanity. The present study is an explorative study which attempts to understand the personality profile of nun in India. The total number of participant is 28 considering the difficulty of obtaining the sample. The sample was collected from Gurugram and Delhi. The somatic inkblot series (64 Images) is used for the profiling of Nuns. The finding indicates that there are repression in Erotic imagery, aggressive content and preponderance of human relations.
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295
Covid-19 and Online Education in Lebanon: Teachers’ Perceptions 10.46852/2249-6637.04.2021.7 0000-0002-8635-0540
  • Abstract
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    • COVID-19 has devastated the world and affected all aspect of our daily life. As teachers in Lebanon, the researchers’ concern was its effects on the Lebanese education system, which has a weak infrastructure and in the middle of an economic crisis, including teachers’ perspectives on the sudden shift from traditional classroom to online classes as well as the future of online classes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the teachers’ perception of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic Several concerns will be the center and main points of this research, which will examine the three research questions. This study utilized a quantitative methodology. It employed the use of a questionnaire as the research instrument. The data collected from the questionnaire distributed to the respondents served as the primary instrument for the study. This study investigated online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and the teachers’ perception on the matter. It was found that almost all the respondents hold negative attitudes towards online learning in Lebanon though it is mostly due to the weak and underdeveloped internet and electricity infrastructure in the country however other issues were present such as students’ reliability, and book availability. Several recommendations were suggested at the end of the study.
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305
Decision Making Behaviour of Women Entrepreneurs 10.46852/2249-6637.04.2021.8 0000-0002-9588-5301
  • Abstract
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    • In the present scenario, women are trying their level best to attain the quality of opportunity in various ways, which are different over the times and among society. They have steadily moved from the status of housewives to educated women, employed women and now women entrepreneurs. The dimension of decision-making is based on the individual thoughts. The may vary logically or creatively, based on situation. The business entrepreneurial decision-making approach focuses on the styles that women entrepreneurs choose the best among alternatives. There styles reflect a number of psychological dimensions. Hence, at this juncture, the women entrepreneurial action in the decision-making process gives different decision-making styles which improve the value of their enterprise. This decision-making styles creates the women as a potential entrepreneurial leader. The decision-making process business is crucial as it affects long term performance and sustainability. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the factors of entrepreneurial decision-making approach which influence the women entrepreneurs towards their entrepreneurial decision-making styles. To achieve the purpose of the study, 60 registered women entrepreneurs in Micro Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) were identified in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu. Series of questions were asked through well structured interview schedule. More than half of the respondents received medium (60.00%) to high (31.67%) level of family support, more than three forth (83.33%) of the respondents possessed medium level of self-confidence, 70.00 per cent of respondents possessed medium level of competition orientation and more than half (51.67 %) of the respondents had medium level of information sharing behaviour. Majority (60.00%) of the respondents reported to be consulting with spouse and elders for decision-making. The study exposed the results that female entrepreneurs are not exposed in various business related activities hence they take risk in their business for investment decisions, they are somewhat conservative. Hence if they spend quality time and get better training about the different of different investment, schemes and loans, they will also take risks in investment activities.
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Attributes Influencing Adoption of Health Care Scientific Dairy Management Practices among Tribal and Non-Tribal Dairy Farmers of Assam 10.46852/2249-6637.04.2021.9 0000-0003-2521-0963
  • Abstract
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    • The study was carried out to ascertain attributes (variables) influencing adoption of health care scientific dairy management practices among the tribal and non-tribal dairy farmers of Assam. Descriptive (survey method) was used as the study design. The study was conducted in the tribal and non-tribal villages of Sonitpur, Lakhimpur and Dhemaji district of Assam for a duration of 6 months during October, 2019 to March, 2020. A total of 240 (120 each tribal and non-tribal dairy farmers) numbers of respondents were selected for the study. Data were personally collected by interviewing the respondents with a interview schedule. It was observed that experience in dairy farming, extension contact, dairy farming attitude and aspiration level were identified as crucial in their contribution to total adoption and explained about 71 percent variations in the total adoption in case of tribal dairy farmers. On the other hand, in case of non- tribal dairy farmers, variables like age, herd size, land size, experience in dairy farming, livestock income, extension contact, knowledge and dairy farming attitude were found to be crucial in their contribution towards total adoption, which explained about 67 percent variation in total adoption. Therefore, a proper focus needs to be given in the common area of experience on dairy farming, extension contact and dairy farming attitude by the veterinary officials and government in those areas for improved health care of the dairy cattle.
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306
Encourage, Support and Act: Bystander Intervention, A Solution to Combat Sexual Harassment 10.46852/2249-6637.04.2021.10 0000-0003-2773-3418
  • Abstract
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    • As the #MeToo Movement has propelled the problem of sexual harassment and assault to the media headlines, bystander intervention prevention strategies are often cited as a solution to addressing these problems. Sometimes called a “community of responsibility” approach, bystander intervention strategies create awareness regarding our active role in creating a safe and respectful environment by shifting community norms and behavior expectations. This research paper has outlined the potential application of new and creative bystander approaches to address sexual harassment in the workplace. The paper has demonstrated the potential for bystander approaches to make a real difference in preventing and addressing sexual harassment as costly and damaging workplace harm. The research paper has analysed the important role to be played by a bystander and intervention strategies to be adopted for combating sexual harassment in workplaces.
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271
Integrated Farming System in District Banda: A Micro Analysis 10.46852/2249-6637.04.2021.11 0000-0001-6761-1760
  • Abstract
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    • A multistage purposively cum random sampling technique was adopted for the sampling and data from 50 farmers of five villages from the selected district were collected and analysed using statistical tools to reach the below discussed results. It was found that the vegetable crop enterprises have given the highest net income of the different farms compared to other enterprises of the different farms like cereal crops as wheat and paddy, dairy, poultry and goatary etc. While cereals crop enterprises have given the highest employment of different farms compared to other enterprises of different farms. Among crops + dairy + vegetable based farming systems has given the highest average net income of different types of farms like as ` 128117.31, ` 165001.61 and ` 186147.39 on the marginal farms, small farms and large farms respectively; compared to other integrated farming systems models and crops + dairy + vegetable integrated farming systems models has given the highest employment 262 days on the marginal farms, 285 days on the small farms and 315 days on the large farms compared to other farming systems models. The average employment 287 days has given by this integrated IFS models.
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