This study investigated the interaction of roadside advertising signs (RASs) with driving decision at road intersections in Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria with the aim of determining whether the influence of RASs on drivers in the study area was similar to findings in other cities of the world. 150 questionnaire were administered to respondents based on their familiarization with the selected roads. Using descriptive statistics and chi-saquare analysis, the results revealed a high concentration of RASs around location with highest road intersections. 78.0% of the respondents were induced to read RASs with 56.4% of the respondents distracted trying to read the content of the RASs. Result also revealed a relationship between education level and inducement to read the RASs. It was concluded that RASs constituted hindrance to drivers as found in other parts of the world. The rate of hindrance could be reduced where erections of signs are strictly regulated.

Over the past few decades, decentralizing public services and rendering administrative power to the local government institutions to deliver them to the people has become a popularly followed strategy to accelerate development of a country. Since its independence till date, Bangladesh has taken quite a number of decentralization initiatives in the areas of health, education, agriculture and small industry promotional activities. This study has adopted secondary data analysis method to examine the degree of rural development made through decentralized public service delivery by the local government institutions of Bangladesh. This study suggests that, despite some improvement, the local governments in Bangladesh have not managed to bring significant changes at the rural level due to political supremacy, administrative and financial incapacity. The study concluded with identifying the changes that are necessary in the areas of resource accumulation and management, financial and administrative decision making system, political and bureaucratic capacity.

Higher education plays an important role in the economic development of a Nation and the sustainable earning of people’s livelihoods. India’s Higher Education system is the world’s third-largest education system after China and the United States, but in terms of Gross Enrollment Ratio it is only 25.8 percent. In the last decade, the gross enrollment rate has gone up sharply in 2016-17 from 2005-06 to 25.8 percent from 8.1 percent. The government wants to increase the share of higher education from 25.8 to 30 percent by the year 2020. Even then it will be less, as the percentage is above 80 in the US and UK. India educates about 20 percent of its youth in the age group of 17–23 who enroll in higher education, compared to 30 percent in China and 91 percent in South Korea. Several new initiatives are being taken by the state and central government to increase the gross enrollment ratio in higher education. Higher education of India is managed by the University Grants Commission (UGC) and various councils. The UGC, established under the UGC Act 1956, is empowered to promote and coordinate university education in India and also approves grants. The UGC is responsible for coordinating, determining, and maintaining standards and issuing grants for universities and research organizations. Rapid growth in both enrollment and number of institutions has given rise to new challenges of maintaining the quality of higher education. When the UGC was established in 1956, there were barely 28 universities, 578 colleges at that time, which has now grown to 851 universities and 41012 colleges. The 62-year-old structure of the UGC is unable to meet India’s higher education needs in the 21st century. This is the reason that recently the Ministry of Human Resource Development has released a draft Act to dissolve the UGC and replace it with the Higher Education Commission of India, on which opinion has been sought from academics and general public till 7th July 2018. Rapid growth in both enrollment and number of institutions has given rise to new challenges of maintaining the quality of Higher Education. Today we need such a form of higher education, which can work at National and International level to ensure the right development of the country.

Adolescence is a bridge between childhood and adulthood. The period of adolescence begins with the onset of puberty, a rapid change in physical growth accompanied by continuous sexual maturity and reaches to an end when individual assumes adulthood. The adolescents possess the tendency to experiment and attempt to push the boundaries and in this process they often indulge themselves into risky behaviors without having understanding of the consequences, which makes them vulnerable and it is a matter of concern. Adolescents constitute 21% of India’s population and number about 243 million. Total population of adolescents of 15 -18 years in West Bengal is 23, 68,519. Even with such high number of adolescents it is found that they have very limited space to share their point of view and concerns. Their needs especially of the adolescent girls remain unheard and unmet, making the condition of girl adolescents more vulnerable. Their mobility is also often controlled by others. So to meet the unheard needs, adolescents should have assistance from the family and society. Social support here plays a crucial role, which has been characterized from numerous points of view. It has a number of positive effects on the recipient, for instance, it influences self-confidence, sense of belongingness, self-esteem, and so on. In this paper by analyzing three cases the author has tried to explore how effective social support facilitates adolescent girls in overcoming social barriers in Birbhum district.

Indexing is as crucial an aspect in research as the content and its methodical approach guides scholars to find desired content efficiently. This article comprises an overview on indexing and various aspects the process entails from start to publication. Regarding the process, this article shares the rich history of indexing, the role of indexing agencies, indexing parameters and the different types of review methods most often used.

The Sub Saharan African countries constitutes nearly half of maternal deaths, and Southern Asian countries ranks as second of the total 85% death which occurs all over the world. Despite the fact there is rapid enhancement in the number of skilled health workers. There been a sharp increase of 53% in 1990 and 61% in 2007 in TBA utilization shows that the attention is being paid towards the management of labor services. But surprisingly, still the births take place without the assistance of trained health personnel in Southern Asian countries and in Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study is toward the assessment on barrier to health care facility utilization and its management concerning to labor problems in urban Muzaffarnagar, India. The factor analysis was implied for the interpretation and analysis of the data. It was found the inadequacies in services as well as unawareness of services in almost all urban areas among the pregnant women. Monumental rise in the cost of services and corrupt behavior among the services provider rampantly found in the urban locations, inaccessibility of proper means of communication and also economic backwardness and low literacy became the impediment in the utilization of maternal healthcare services in Muzaffar Nagar, India.

Today teachers in higher learning institutions are provided with a broad range of new teaching experience through web based approaches to teaching and learning which is not possible before through the traditional approach to the classroom. Now higher education students’ wants web based learning online studies. The present study is an attempt in this direction to study on Usage of the web-based learning by undergraduate students of The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. The survey method was used to collect the data. The prepared questionnaires were distributed to undergraduate students who were studying in The Maharaja Sayajirao university of Baroda, Vadodara. From the findings of the feasibility study, it was understood that undergraduate students using the computer and internet for their educational purpose. Findings of the study revealed that the main reasons for using the internet were educational. A wide variety of usage of computer and internet was found among undergraduate students from being on paying fees, to collect study material, Use of plagiarism checker to reduce and so on.